The Heat of the Universe

Facts:

Absolute zero refers to the temperature in which particles reach their lowest energy point

This is the coldest possible temperature in the universe

Facts:

The Boomerang Nebula is a gas cloud 5000 light years from Earth

At just 1 degree above absolute zero, it is the coldest place in the known universe

Facts:

The average temperature in deep space sits just a few degrees above absolute zero

Deep Space is very empty, which means there is very little for particles to bump into

Facts:

Pluto is the largest dwarf planet in the solar system

It was discovered in 1930, and was, for a long time, considered the solar system's 9th planet, until it was reclassified in 2006

One of Pluto's moons, Charon, is half the size of the planet itself!

Facts:

Ganymede is the largest moon in the Solar System. It is larger than both Mercury and Pluto

It orbits Jupiter as one of the four Galilean moons, named after their discoverer, Galileo Galilei

It is the only moon known to have its own magnetic field

Facts:

Titan is the second largest moon in the Solar System, and largest moon of Saturn

Titan became the most distant object we have successfully landed a spacecraft on when it was visited by the Huygens spaceprobe in January 2005

It is the only moon in the Solar System with a dense atmosphere, and the place other than Earth known to have a hydrologic cycle

Temperature on Titan sees very little variation, with the temperature at the poles being only a few degrees colder than at the equator

Facts:

Mars is the second smallest planet in the Solar System after Mercury

It is the outermost of the four rocky planets, orbiting between Earth and the asteroid belt

Mars is often called the "Red Planet" due to a layer of iron oxide(rust) coating the surface

Facts:

The Moon is believed to have formed when a planet the size of Mars collided with the Earth billions of years ago

It is the 5th largest moon in the solar system

It is the only celestial body, other than Earth, that humans have landed on

The Moon is slowly drifting away from the Earth, at a rate of about one inch a year

Facts:

Earth is the largest of the rocky planets, and 5th largest planet in our Solar System

It is the densest planet in the solar system.

It is one of only two bodies in the solar system with a hydrologic cycle

Facts:

Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system

It is also the fastest planet, orbiting around the Sun in just 88 Earth days

Due to its close orbit to the Sun, Mercury is technically the closest planet, on average, to every other planet in the Solar System

Facts:

Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system

It is the second largest of the rocky planets, only narrowly smaller than Earth

It is much hotter than Mercury, despite being further away, thanks to its dense atmosphere

Venus is the brightest object in the night sky after the Moon

Facts:

Red Dwarf stars can survive for up to 10 trillion of years

The closest star to our solar system, Proxima Centauri, is a red dwarf star

Red Dwarf stars are the most common star type in the Milky Way, comprising about 70% of all stars

Facts:

KELT-9b is the hottest exoplanet ever discovered

The planet sits 670 light years from Earth and is almost twice the diameter of Jupiter

It orbits a star, KELT-9, more than twice the size of the Sun, at a distance 33 times closer than Earth

It is so close to the host star that it completes an orbit every 1.5 days!

Facts:

Yellow stars are the group of main sequence stars that includes the Sun

Yellow stars typically live for around 10 billion years

While Yellow stars may not live as long as Red Dwarf stars, many will eventually collapse into White Dwarf stars, which burn hotter, and for much longer

Facts:

The centre of the Earth contains a ball of molten metal as hot as the surface of the Sun

The core of the Earth is able to retain this heat thanks to radioactive decay and leftover heat from the formation of the planet

The ball of molten metal is larger than Mercury and is comprised almost entirely of iron

Facts:

White Dwarf stars are the remnants of stars that have exhausted all of their fuel

Approximately 97% of stars in the Milky Way will eventually become White Dwarf stars

White Dwarfs are the third densest objects in the universe, after black holes and neutron stars

Facts:

Blue stars are the hottest, and brightest stars in the universe

These stars can put out tens, or even hundreds of thousands of times more energy than the Sun!

They are also very short-lived, usually exploding as a supernova within 10 million years

Facts:

The core of the Sun is significantly hotter than the surface

The core of the Sun is like a permanent nuclear explosion, with hydrogen atoms continuously fusing into helium

Facts:

A supernova is what happens when a star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself

These explosions are one of the most destructive forces in the universe

The nuclear fusion that occurs during the collapse of a star is the main source of all elements heavier than iron

Black holes, neutron stars, and nebula are all the stellar remnants of past supernovae

Facts:

Neutron Stars are the surviving cores of supergiant stars that have exploded into a supernova

The core of these stars are so dense that the neutrons inside atoms are crushed together into a single mass

They are the densest objects in the universe, after black holes